Kattrin the Mute and Brave - Literature Essay Samples

Mute characters play a significant role in plays. They are the characters most people would ignore because they do not say anything; however, mute characters may be the characters who say the most in a play. Within Mother Courage and Her Children by Bertolt Brecht, the mute character Kattrin shows us that the bravest and during characters do not have to be the ones who talk the most. Kattrin may be a mute character, but her actions speak a lot, and as the saying goes, ‘Actions speak louder than word.’ Kattrin is brave, sympathetic, and the one who notices everything in the play, the only thing standing in her way is her incapability to speak. Brecht’s use of the character Kattrin brings out much irony, both dramatic and situational irony. Kattrin may be mute, but she uses her actions to communicate with others. Throughout the play, Kattrin is rarely noticed by other characters, so when she does actions, no one in the play knows what she is doing or what she is trying to tell them which is a challenge for her because she knows what she is saying but is unable to get it through to others. Situations throughout the play occur and some involve Kattrin as the focal point for these situations. there are many things that happen that the other characters are oblivious to while Kattrin notices it automatically. When Kattrin is casually communicating to her family, they can understand her and communicate back; however, when a bad situation is about to happen, Kattrin notices it and tries to communicate to her family, they have no clue on what she is trying to say. One example would be when Swiss Cheese was about to hide the Cash Box. As Swiss Cheese is planning to hide the Cash Box in the river, two soldiers stand behind him and he is unaware that these two soldiers are there and that they are listening to what he plans to do with the Cash Box. Kattrin was aware of the soldiers and tried to signal to her brother what was happening but he is only more oblivious to the situation and say, â€Å"I wish I could understand you. Poor thing, I know you’re trying to tell me something, you just can’t say it† (2381) Kattrin’s heroic efforts do not do anything to help save her brother because she is unable to speak as he said. This is a form of dramatic irony because the audience is aware of Kattrin’s signals and the only person unaware is Swiss Cheese, this would be situational irony that Brecht uses to show how Kattrin’s inability to speak comes with many foreshadowing challenges. If Kattrin could speak, her brother may have lived; however, Brecht creating her as a mute character b rings more entertainment to the play in both a humorous and suspenseful way. Another example of Kattrin aware of a situation that others are oblivious to would be when Eilif was being recruited by the soldiers. Eilif wants to join the war, but Mother Courage forbids it, so the soldiers attempt to distract Mother Courage by pretending to be interested in buying a belt, when really the other soldier pulled Eilif to the side to have a drink with him. As Eilif goes off to talk to the soldier, Kattrin notices it and jumps up screaming, calling her mother’s attention; however, her awareness of the situation did not help and Eilif has already disappeared into the war, and Mother Courage has lost a child due to this. Kattrin’s muteness allows her to listen and observe things carefully, but when it comes to informing others, it always ends up being too late. What we also may notice is that Brecht uses Kattrin to show the audience that disabled people are not all dumb. This is seen when Kattrin shows how she looks up to Yvette and wants to have the life Yvette has. Mother courage usually call Kattrin dumb because Kattrin is unable to speak, but is she really? Brecht also shows Kattrin’s needs and wants throughout the play; she wants more for her life. Kattrin is not the average beauty, compared to Yvette, and she is also unable to take care of herself because her mother believes the world is dangerous and Kattrin will easily be taken advantage of. Although this may be so, Kattrin wants to get married and have children desperately when peace finally comes and she wants to be beautiful like Yvette. Therefore, Brecht describes Kattrin placing on Yvette’s red shoes and walking around like Yvette, because she admires her beauty and her ability to get men. Kattrin is incapable of speaking but it does not mean that she is not aware of what life really is. She knows that she must be beautiful if she wants a husband and when she gets hurt by the soldiers and must wear an eye patch, she completely aware of the consequences that come with it; her dreams of getting married may be over. In all, she is aware of life and just because she is mute does not mean she is dumb. Kattrin’s muteness does not stop her from getting involved in the war. At the end of the play, Kattrin is left alone with the wagon and peasants have come and began to pray. Kattrin intervenes to protect the burning city in front of her, by climbing a tree and beating a drum that was in her apron as loud as she can; she acts in a courageous manner knowing the consequences coming for her are deadly. While the peasants are busy worrying about protecting their farm, Kattrin is willing to sacrifice her own life over the wagon and any materialistic belongings. The peasants as well as the soldiers call for her to be quiet and they all threaten to shoot her and destroy the wagon, but that does not stop Kattrin from drumming. Eventually Kattrin is shot down by one of the soldiers but she was shot down by committing a brave act and not acting as a coward. Kattrin is a brave character throughout Mother Courage and Her Children and Brecht opens the readers to understand more about her role and why she behaves the way she does. Kattrin’s mute role does not stop her from making noise and doing what she can to protect the family; however, her mute role is what causes her to die in the end. Her mute role affects many of the other characters badly such as Eilif and Swiss Cheese. Although Kattrin was the mute character she is also the most aware of everything being taken place in the war, even the things that Mother Courage may be oblivious to. Although Kattrin is brave and does not allow her muteness stop her from performing necessary actions, the actions she tries to inform for others to be aware of do not help her and her muteness ends up getting in the way for her to protect her own life as well as her brothers.

The Use of Satire in Gullivers Travels - 903 Words

Satire is a literary work that uses humor, hyperbole, and derision to ridicule the human behaviors and customs. Rather than being judgmental, many writers utilize satire to convey their innovative ideas to change certain aspects of society. From the many writers that used satire to condemn the actions of society, Jonathan Swifts, Gullivers travels, stands as one of the best satirical work in human history. Published in 1726, Gullivers travels is an adventure of Lemuel Gulliver whose voyage turns into a series of disasters to various strange islands where he lives with humans and animals of various sizes, behaviors, and philosophies. Through the usage of extended metaphor and symbolism, Swift brings to light numerous religious and†¦show more content†¦They are mean, cruel, and morally corrupt. Filled with greed and ingratitude they shoot at Gulliver with their small weapons that seem only to tickle Gulliver. After they notice that his not looking for trouble, they offer him food and grant him citizenship in their land. By making the Lilliputians small, powerful people, Swift satirizes the attitude of the English Government at the time. To effectively satirize the politics of England, Swift uses various political parties to convey his message. In Lilliput, there are two political parties; The Trameckson—who are also known as the high heels, and the Slamecksan, who are also known as low heels. Swift uses the trameckson and the Slamecksan to satirize two of the two most powerful English Parties. (Bullit) The Tramecksan Party is mostly conservative and supports the ancient constitution of Lilliput. (Ewald) The emperor of Lilliput, however, favors the slamecksoan and allows only low heels into the administration. â€Å"The animosity of these two factions runs so high that they will neither eat, nor drink, nor speak to each other.†(Swift chap. iv) Moreover, by characterizing the Lilliputians as morally corrupt, Swift satirizes the political as pect of the English Society. For example, Swifts model for Flimnap was Robert Walpole, the leader of the Whigs and Englands first prime minister in the modern sense. (Soens) By making Flimnap, the most skillfully rope dancer, Swift demonstrates howShow MoreRelatedEssay on Use of Satire in Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels729 Words   |  3 PagesEffective Use of Satire in Gullivers Travelsnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp; Jonathan Swifts story, Gullivers Travels, is a very clever story. It recounts the fictitious journey of a fictitious man named Lemuel Gulliver, and his travels to the fantasy lands of Lilliput, Brobdinag, Laputa, and Houyhnhmn land. When one first reads his accounts in each of these lands, one may believe that they are reading humorous accounts of fairy-tale-like lands that are intended to amuseRead MoreSatire In Gullivers Travels1455 Words   |  6 Pagesforms and use many different elements in their works. One of these elements that writers use is called â€Å"satire.† This element is used to make fun of something that the author disapproves of in a comical but hidden way. Widely considered as one of the greatest satirists to ever live, Jonathan Swift used satire in his works to express his disgust in society and the British Monarchy during the 18th century. One of the greatest satires ever written by Swift was Gulliver’s Travels. 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They both want to expose human vices through satiric tone. Due to different personal styles, there are many differences between two novels. Two novels use satire to criticize human weakness. In ‘Gulliver’sRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Narrators in Gullivers Travels and Frankenstein, the Narrative Methods, and the Effects of These Different Ways of Telling a Story in Gullivers Travels and Frankenstein.1595 Words   |  7 Pagescontrast the narrators in Gulliver’s Travels and Frankenstein, the narrative methods, and the effects of these different ways of telling a story in Gulliver’s Travels and Frankenstein. Ravee Chen S2 English H Dr.Freisen 8 April 2010 Word count: 1491 Why do authors use different types of narrators? Jonathan Swift and Mary Shelly have both chosen a first-person narrator in their novels Gulliver’s Travels and Frankenstein. In Gulliver’s Travels the narrator is GulliverRead MoreThe Satirical Transformation Of Gulliver Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesSatirical Transformation of Gulliver Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels is difficult to come to terms with for a multitude of reasons. The most immediate problem is that of genre. How may Gulliver’s Travels be categorized? It’s a fiction; it’s written in prose; it’s a children’s tale; it’s a comedy; it’s a tragedy; however, to say this is to say very little. Clearly it’s satirical, but that is not to say it’s a satire. Arther E. Case, for example, thinks that it’s not a satire: â€Å"it would be more accurate and moreRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Swift s Gulliver s Travels1439 Words   |  6 PagesJonathan Swift, well-known for his stark works of satire, uses his novel Gulliver’s Travels to mock his society and culture and in doing so, he addresses the flaws in man-kind as a whole. 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The Reformation period was a time of change for how people interpreted the world around them. The opinions of Gulliver’s Travels were based off of interpretations of the book, the interpretations were not always correct; therefore, the opinions were

Annie C Consulting - Research Project - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1726 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? PROJECT BACKGROUND In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business perspective a business rely heavily on their human resource department personnel to find the right persons to fit the right position within the organization. Therefore, the human resource department functions as the link between the organization and the employees. Human Resource Management as defined by (Dessler, 2007) is the policies and practices that is involved in carrying out the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or human resources aspect of a management position, which includes recruitment, screening, training and appraisals. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Annie C Consulting Research Project" essay for you Create order According to this definition, as you can see, human resource management is not merely about handling recruitment, pay and discharging, but also about the strategic growth of the organization. This research is about a business that has been struggling with how to develop the skills and knowledge that is needed for working with and leading others through the necessary channels of how to go about recruiting the right people for the job. Annie C Consulting Inc. is a private organization that has been hired by Shoppers Delite Supermarket to perform an internal audit into the legislation and requirements that is related to recruitment and selection and how to go about implementing and using these recruitment, selection and retention processes more effectively in the organization. Annie C Consulting Inc. is a Jamaican based regional consulting organization which specializes in business development, effective business planning, people development and training and creates solutions to p roblems and to help businesses grow. Annie C Consulting Inc. was created to teach entrepreneurs how to develop and operate their own legitimate business. This project is focused on how to develop the skills and knowledge that is needed for working with and leading others, through understanding the importance of recruiting the right people for a job, the legislations and requirements that is related to recruitment and selection as well as how the business can go about implementing and using these recruitment, selection and retention processes more effectively. This research will also focus on the leadership styles and the impacts that it have on the business, how to work effectively in a team as well as how to assess the work and developmental needs of individuals within the business environment. LITERATURE REVIEW What is human resource management? The term human resource management has been the most thought of question for the past decade. So the delivery of human resource management go back as far as the 1900s, when writers like Drucker and McGregor stressed the need for visionary goal-directed leadership and management of business integration . By the 1960s the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"behavioural science movementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was succeeded by Maslow, Argyris and Herzberg. These scholars emphasised the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"valueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ aspect of human resources (HR) in organisations and argued for a better quality of working life for workers. This formed the basis of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"organisational development movementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ initiated by Bennis in the 1970s. Some theorist has different perception of what human resource management entails. According to (McGregor Gershenfeld, 2005) human resources management is the task of harnessing human energy to meet organizational requirements.So based on this definition given by Mr. McGregor human resource management is about getting people together using the available resources to accomplish t he organizational goals and objectives. Although a human resource is considered by many as the most important asset of an organization, very few of these organizations implement the use of their human capital for the development and effectiveness of the organizational goals. The human resource department has to work with the employees and the employers. They coordinate the activities of the employees and aids in the recruitment, selection and retention processes for the organization. The organization has to follow proper recruitment, selection, and retention procedures to employ the appropriate employees.Therefore, it is important to select and recruit the right people for the job in order to make the business successful. OBJECTIVES METHODOLOGY Qualitative research is collecting, analyzing and interpreting data by observing what other people do and say. This type of research is used to gain understanding of opinions and to provide insights into problem or to develop i deas for potential quantitative research. Quantitative research refers to the scientific proof and measurement using statistical analysis. Therefore qualitative research is more subjective than quantitative research and uses very different methods of collecting information, mainly in-depth interviews and focus groups. Whereas, quantitative research is focus on survey analysis. My research methodology requires doing a significant amount of research and gathering all the relevant data that was needed to guide me, so I would be able to analyze the materials and arrive at a more complete understanding of how to approach the questions that was given to me. Data collection consisted of survey and interviews with some managers, notes from lectures, as well as text books and internet. I was able to use all these resources to answer my research assignment that was given to me by Colbourne College. Both primary and secondary sources were used for the completion of this research be cause the information was more accessible. Therefore this study shows the method of research used, data collection, instruments used and the analysis of data that was gathered for the interpretation. Documentation used to select and recruit a new member of staff. Shoppers Delite Supermarket identifies the hiring needs for a new staff member. The human resource department for Shoppers Delite prepared the following document for the selection and recruitment of the new member of staff. Approval of recruitment The recruitment process is started with the approval of recruitment from the authority of the organization.The departmentsthat are inneed of new employees would send a draft with position description and a document that describe the required skill and education for the post. After approving the draft the managers or supervisors would send it to the human resource department. Position description This is where the organization would describe the position that is to be filled by each applicant. From the job description, interview questions, interview evaluations and reference checks questions are developed. Before advertising the vacant position within the organization, the managers must describe the position for which it is goi ng to recruit new members. Advertising This process is how you would go about advertising for the job positions using the different advertising media. After advertising, Shoppers Delite Supermarket then gathers the potential candidate for the required position. There are different media for giving their job advertisement such as online advertisement, print media and electronic media. The advertisement also includes the vacancy announcement, required skill, term related to payment, etc. Human resource department of city link is required to obey the advertisement law before giving the advertisement. The legal, regulatory and ethical considerations to the recruitment and selection processes. The impacts of legal, regulatory and ethical consideration to the recruitment and selection process are: Minimum Wage Act The minimum wage act is the lowest hourly, daily or monthly remuneration that employers pay to their workers.This will affect the business because persons will not be willing to work for minimum wages so it will cause fewer people to apply for job positions within the organization. TheEmployment (Termination and RedundancyPayments)Act This will affect the organization in a negative way because if workers are relieved of their duties without being informed of why they are being let go or made redundant then they can take legal actions against the company for contract breach. The Employment (Equal Pay forMen and Women) Act This act states that all employees whether male or female who do the same work or work of equal value must receive the same pay as workers of the other sex. This will affect the company because you will have to pay employees th e right amount of pay for work completed on a given day regardless of gender. If this doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t happen then employees can take their employers to court for breach of the employment act. Equality (age) Regulation Act Both young and old citizens get same benefit in recruitment and selection process. If the human resource managers gives special privileges to any of two group, it will be unlawful and break the provision of equality (age) regulation act. Race Relation Act If the job advertisement calls for a particularrace or nationality, it will break the provision of race relation act. Steps used in the selection process for a job. According to (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage, 2006) selection is the process where an organization attempts to identify applicants with the necessary knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics that will help to achieve its goals. In essence the selection process is used to screen applicants to ensure that the best candidate is hired for the job. Therefore the steps that were taken to select candidates for a job position at Shoppers Delite Supermarket are: Analyzing the need for the job Job description Advertise the Vacancy Assessing the candidates Interview Analyzing the need for the job This is where we would identify the job roles or vacancies of the particular job. This process involves the type of jobs that will be carried out by each employee. Job Description This is where we would describe the position that is to be filled by each applicant. From the job description, interview questions, interview evaluations and reference checks questions are developed. Advertise the Vacancy This process is how you would go about advertising for the job positions using the different advertising media. Short listings Afterreceivingnumber of applications from the respectivecandidates who applied for the vacant positions,the human resource department then selects the most qualified applicantsto fill the fit the job vacancy. Interviews The human resource department then set the interviews for the selected candidates. Within this stage the organization would choose the best candidate that is suited for the job. Contract Signing This is final stages in selection process where the organizations then select their new employee to fill the available position that was outline in the job advertisement. Personal contribution that was needed to execute the selection process In this assignment I was able to oversee how the necessary documents for the selection of employees were carried out and how the advertisement to gather employees was done. I also was able to take part the selection process for the new staff at Shoppers Delite Supermarket. I play my role in short listing applicants as well as preparing documents to appoint new employees.

The Worst Act Of Terrorism - 2279 Words

â€Å"Where were you when the world stopped turning on that September day? Were you in the yard with your wife and children, or working on some stage in L.A.? Did you stand there in shock at the sight of that black smoke risin’ against that blue sky? Did you shout out in anger, in fear for your neighbor or did you just sit down and cry?† (Jackson 2002) A common question asked by Americans is where we were when they heard of the events of September 11, 2001. The question asked next is, â€Å"What they did do after they heard of the news?†. This song told everything everyone was thinking and feeling on that horrible day in 2001. Most all American’s can remember exactly where they were, who they were with, and what time they heard about the terrorist attacks in 2001. On September 11, 2001 the country of America was changed forever. A terrible act of terrorism carried out by nineteen terrorists, the leader of them being Al Qaeda leader, Osama bin Laden. The Tuesday morning started out as any normal busy American day. At the World Trade Center thousands of people were going about their morning heading to offices of the building surrounding the twin towers. Tower One and Tower Two combined had 220 floors, 110 floors for each tower. By 8:45 that morning there were more than 16,000 of the 50,000 people who work in the two towers had arrived to begin their day, (Boden, Valerie 2008) On any weekday there could be over 100,00 visitors at the World Trade Center. The employees were settlingShow MoreRelatedTerrorism During The Vietnam War826 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the last couple decades, terrorism has become a prominent issue. With the emergence of major terrorist groups stirring up trouble, such as in the Middle East, many people live in fear of these emerging threats. Throughout Vietnam’s long history, there have been many cases of terrorism. During the Vietnam War, the US and other western nations committed many atrociou s acts of terror against the Vietnamese population. In 1968, one of the worst acts of terrorism, the My Lai Massacre, occurred inRead MoreTerrorism Is More Complicated Than Just An Act Of Violence1119 Words   |  5 Pagesprevent terrorism in the United States. Imagine the lives that would have been saved that day. Preventing terrorism would be one of the greatest achievements the United States could complete, but it is a lot harder to prevent terrorism then you might think. If we can prevent terrorism, we would save countless lives, save lots of money, and the world would be safer. First, to stop terrorism we have to know what it even is. To start it off, terrorism is more complicated than just an act of violenceRead More Terrorism Essay526 Words   |  3 Pagesresort to such violent acts as bombing, assassinations, and hi-jacking? How do individuals and organizations justify these acts of terror? 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The Light Of The West - 874 Words

Do you feel comfortable in the dark as you feel in the light? The gothic novel of Dracula is full of motifs that differ from religion to idealism. A motif is an idea or element in a written work that is repeated over the length of the book. In the novel Dracula is seen as a dark and evil character will the others that are battling against Dracula are seen as the good or the bright people. In the novel there is even a character that is named â€Å"The Light of the West†. If we just take a look at the names of the characters in the novel Dracula you get a feel of the battle between light and dark. In the name Dracula you can almost see the word dark, which just gives the name an evil look. While one of the â€Å"good characters† is named Lucy Westerna, which if you look at her first name in Latin it is close to the word â€Å"luz† which means light. While her last name has the word â€Å"west† which means that her name could be seen as â€Å"The Light of th e West†. Even in the cover art of the book we see that Dracula is all black as if it was his shadow. In the reading within the first and second chapters as John Harker goes to Castle Dracula Bram uses dark colors to describe the ride to Dracula’s castle in Transylvania ,such as â€Å"5 May-The Castle- The grey of the morning has passed†(9), â€Å"Then through the darkness I could see a sort of patch of grey light ahead of us†(11), â€Å"There were dark, rolling clouds ahead†(13), and â€Å"The time seemed interminable as we swept on our way, now in almostShow MoreRelatedPainting Is American Progress By John Gast847 Words   |  4 Pagesthe picture, which is the east, there is light, but when looking to the left of the picture, which is the west, there is darkness. As Columbia is heading west, she is not only bringing the settlers with her, she is bringing light. The light represents the hope of the Americans that they will fulfill their goal of Ma nifest Destiny. The light also represents the future of the United States. The dark times in the past are becoming better in the future as light continues to envelop the continent as theRead MoreJay Gatsby’s Heroism Essay798 Words   |  4 Pages1920’s novel sets the stage for Gatsby to showcase his prominence in the society of West Egg, New York through the descriptive language and emotion that Fitzgerald writes with. Jay Gatsby’s heroicness is displayed through the symbolism of the green light, the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg, and the contrast between East Egg and West Egg. The first symbol that the reader is introduced to is the mysterious green light. 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At the end of â€Å"Power,† West questions in plain voice, â€Å"Are you strong enough to let power go?† The incredibly deep and wondrous record revealed a darker side of West that showed his transformation and desire to once more speak for the people and highlight dark, comedic experiences. After â€Å"Power,† West released new, free records every Friday via his Twitter and website for two months leading up to the release of MBDTF. On Twitter, West explained that his exile showed him the importanceRead MoreSymbolism In The Great Gatsby1278 Words   |  6 Pagesin the summer of 1922, living in the East and West Eggs. Fitzgerald uses many different symbols throughout the story to help set the tone. One of the main characters Jay Gatsby of West egg trying to recreate his fairytale past with Daisy Buchanan living just across the bay in East egg. As the story progresses, we come across several symbols that Fitzgerald uses to ease our understanding, such as colors, weather, East egg vs West Egg and the green light. These all contribute to the mood of the storyRead MoreBuilding A Place For Meditation Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pagesunderestimated. natural light is integrated into buildings of its potiential economic benefit and the effect on the occupants psychological and physiological well being and also natural light is a major element of contemporary architecture,by its influence.both interms of construction or aesthetic. this paper will comprise the importance of natural lighting in a building and how it can be used in different ways. providing maximum openings in the buildings will allow enough day light to enter into theRead MoreSy mbolism in The Great Gatsby Essays790 Words   |  4 Pagesgreen light at the end of Daisy’s dock as well as T.J Eckleburg’s eyes overlooking the Valley of Ashes and the discrepancy between not only the characters of East and West Egg but the social class and standard of living they abide by. 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By 2005 Mountain Man was

Coca-Cola and Pepsi harm India’s ecology Free Essays

Introduction Coca cola and Pepsi are MNC’s localized in almost every country. Their approach towards making profit is strategically not the same everywhere. India is a developing country, are the rules and regulations strict enough to stop these corporations to exploit the Indian locals. We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola and Pepsi harm India’s ecology or any similar topic only for you Order Now We are focusing on marketing communications strategy followed by these corporations also other unethical activities carried out in India. The purpose of this research is to explain that the rules and regulations of a developing country are not enough to stop the localized MNC’s to continue their unethical activities keeping India as an example. The objective of our research is to analyze weather the actions of these MNC’s are ethical. Coca cola entered India in1956 since they had no foreign exchange act it made huge profits. After the formation of Indian foreign exchange act coca cola left India in the late70’s. Coca cola made its reentry in the 1990’s when the environment was liberalized and deregulated. Pepsi entered in 1986 as a joint venture with two local ventures in India. Both companies soon discovered competing in India requires special knowledge skills and local expertise†¦Ã¢â‚¬ what works here not always work there† (Cateora Graham, 2008, p. 604). Literature review Our research is based on different issues regarding environment and consumer rights violation. Previously Dr S.K. Chokroborty in 1997 wrote an article on the journal of business ethics about business ethics in developing countries. Harvard law review wrote on international environmental law Also Dr Panchali das researched on deception on advertising ethics. Chicago journal on Nationalism and Ideology in an Anticonsumption Movement. The global strategies of coke and pepsi are explained in economic and political weekly 1999 by Arijit biswas and Anandya sen Proposed study Our research study seeks to analyze three controversial issues related to operations of coca cola and Pepsi in India Advertisement in rocks of India Use of ground water in India and dumping of chemical wastes Pesticides in products of India The research seeks to study the background and the regulatory framework within which it functions. Issue 1: Advertisement in the rocks of India â€Å"Advertising is a non-moral force, like electricity, which not only illuminates but electrocutes. Its worth to civilization depends upon how it is used.† – J. Walter Thompson International soft-drink rivals Pepsi and Coke spend millions of rupees on a marketing war in the mammoth Indian market. They have marketed many super stars of Bollywood, who are admired in whole South Asia. The most prominent cricketers have also been roped in. As brand ambassadors their well-known faces are seen on billboards, newspaper pages and television. The Coke-Pepsi rivalry is so vigorous that nearly every shop, bus-stop stall and roadside restaurant has been created into the one or the other’s empire. In September 2002 both companies were blamed for winding mountain road from manali to the 4000 metre-high Rohtang pass in himachal Pradesh, Northern India. There were averages of 4 to 5 ads per kilometer either painted on to rock faces or nailed on to trees on the mountainsides, the billboards for almost 56-km stretch. The forest conservation act 1980 of India makes it clear that no individual must use forest as a source of making personal gain. It was a clear violation of the act. The first to react was Indian express with an article â€Å"rape of the rock†. The Supreme Court had put a stop to the advertisement campaign. . The intervention brought to the notice of the Supreme Court the painting of huge Pepsi and Coke logos on rocks that has destroyed geological evidence dating back to 45 million years. Geologists understand the geology of the area by studying and observing rocky outcrops. If the area has been painted over they cannot do research. The newspaper quoted a profes sor in the Geology Department of Punjab University saying â€Å"these mountain facades have a huge eco-system. There is moss that grows on these rocks, and then there are innumerable species of microorganisms. All is completely destroyed when the rock surface is painted.† After the case was solved both the companies had to pay 10 million for compensating the damage done to the ecology. The Supreme Court also asked the forest department to look around for such activities prevailing in some other states. Issue 2: Use of ground water in India The village of Mehdiganj is located approximately 20 kilometers from the holy Indian city of Varanasi. In Mehdiganj, a resistance was started in 2002 by farmers under the banner of Gaon Bachao Sunghursh Samiti to protest the pollution and water shortage attributed to Coca-Cola. Farmers in Mehdiganj and surrounding villages are agitating against the Coca-Cola bottling plant located in Mehdiganj. The anti-Coke activists further claim that the Coca-Cola plant is destroying the region by consuming 2.5 million liters of water every day and is contributing to a serious water crisis. In highlighting the problem of water, activists claim that Coca-Cola uses its financial muscle to buy government favor and influence its functioning as a regulatory authority. They say The company dumped sludge in the fields around. People started to develop sores on their feet after they walked through the water discharged was the flooding of their fields. Mosquitoes were a serious threat, and malaria cases have increased. Many have said that some hand pumps in the area have been issued for errors, unsafe drinking water. Still both cola rivals are carrying out operations in India putting their future at risk. Issue 3: Pesticides in products of India In 2003, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a non-governmental organization in New Delhi, said aerated waters produced by soft drinks manufacturers in India, including multinational giants PepsiCo and Coca-Cola Company, contained toxins including lindane,DDT,malathion and chlorpyrifos–pesticides, that can contribute to cancer, a breakdown of the immune system and cause birth defects. Tested products included Coke, Pepsi, 7 Up,Mirinda,Fanta,Thums Up,Limca and Sprite. Today’s youth icons from the cricket world like Sachin Tendulkar, Virender Sehwag and Dhoni freely endorse Pepsi coke. The sponsorship of a sport like cricket in particular may cultivate positive attitudes by associating the product with characteristics which young people admire. In the wake of the recent controversies shrouding Coke and Pepsi, regarding allegations of containing pesticides, these stars not only endorsed these soft drinks but also went so far as to claim that they were safe. This was advertising going too far Aerated soft drinks, apart from promoting the wrong kind of images, have long been suspected of leading to lower calcium levels and higher phosphate levels in the blood. When phosphate levels are high and calcium levels are low, calcium is pulled out of the bones. The phosphate content of soft drinks like Coca -Cola and Pepsi is very high, and they contain virtually no calcium. In the Indian state of Kerala, sale and production of Pepsi-Cola, along with other soft drinks, has been banned. Five other Indian states have announced partial bans on the drinks in schools, colleges and hospitals East India Company that came into the country for trade robbed India of its wealth for 200 years and soon invaded us. Today in place of East India Company, 14,000 multinational firms are robbing India. Leading this pack are Pepsi and Coca Cola. These firms sell several varieties of cold drinks and are taking away 5000 million rupees. References Nationalism and Ideology in an Anticonsumption Movement Author(s): Rohit Varman and Russell W. Belk Source: Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 36, No. 4 (December 2009), pp. 686-700 Published by: The University of Chicago Press 1997 A Conceptual Review Of Advertising Regulation And Standards: Case Studies In The Indian Scenario -panchali Das* Ivan L. Preston (1987). A Review of the Literature on Advertising Regulation, 1983-87. Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 10 (2): 123-152. Michael A. Kamins and Lawrence J. Marks (1987). Advertising Puffery: The Impact of Using Two-Sided Claims on Product Attitude and Purchase Intention. Journal of Advertising 1997 A Conceptual Review Of Advertising Regulation And Standards: Case Studies In The Indian Scenario -panchali Das* Agrawal, Anil, and Sunita Narain 1991 GlobalWarming in an UnequalWorld:ACase of Environmentalism. Delhi: Centerfor Science and Enviroment. How to cite Coca-Cola and Pepsi harm India’s ecology, Essay examples

GayMarriages Essay Research Paper Gay MarriagesThere are free essay sample

Gay-Marriages Essay, Research Paper Gay Marriages There are many of import issues discussed in public policy today. One of these issues is same-sex matrimony. This is an of import issue because it deals with a comparatively big minority of the United States. This issue is put into many different visible radiations including ethical motives, household values and faith ; and those of equality, constitutionality, and right to privateness. The facet with the most relevancy is invariably left up to debate is that homophiles are # 8216 ; gay # 8217 ; due to a combination of factors. These factors are environment and society-the outside influences- and genetic sciences. Hence, homophiles do non make up ones mind their ain gender, nor do straight persons. Therefore, homophiles should hold the same rights as straight persons, one of these rights being matrimony. If it is proven that there is so a cistron that causes homosexualism, than we can pull a analogue between non leting homophiles to get married and non leting blonds to get married. We will write a custom essay sample on GayMarriages Essay Research Paper Gay MarriagesThere are or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is why it is of great importance to public policy whether or non homosexualism is predetermined. Some, now believe that homosexualism, is genetically predetermined by a cistron on the X chromosome. If this is the instance, so homosexuals can non make up ones mind their sexual orientation, for it is predetermined. Not leting those who are genetically inclined to prefer the same sex to get married foliages homophiles with three picks. The first is to stay celibate their full lives so as non to # 8220 ; unrecorded in wickedness # 8221 ; ; the 2nd is to get married person they do non truly love or happen attractive merely for the matrimony benefits ; the 3rd and concluding pick is to populate together with their spouse and face the soiled expressions of fellow citizens, merely because they are populating together though they are non married. Marriage goes beyond the benefits, nevertheless. The establishment of matrimony is a really well-thought-of one, and holds much sentimental value for many people. If we look at the Declaration of Independence for inspiration, we read that all work forces are created equal. Does this exclude homophiles? Many think so merely because they believe that matrimony is non a right, but a privilege. This statement means that because homosexuals are non traveling to convey a kid into the universe, they do non merit the privilege of matrimony. Those that oppose this statement see matrimony in a different manner. They believe that if you love person, you have the right to bond yourself to them lawfully. There are many legal and economic benefits to marriage. Studies show that, by and large, married twosomes are more economically stable. When Sandra Rovira # 8217 ; s life spouse died in her weaponries from malignant neoplastic disease, her spouse # 8217 ; s company, AT A ; T, denied any and al l decease benefits to her. AT A ; T made it clear that if the jurisprudence recognized homosexual brotherhoods, so would they. Twelve old ages before, Ms. Rovira and her spouse, Ms. Forlini, formalized their relationship in a ceremonial where the two adult females exchanged rings and vows. However, because the authorities does non acknowledge this ceremonial, Ms. Rovira was denied the benefits that would hold been given to her if she were a adult male who had gone through the same ceremonial. An AT A ; T interpreter, Maureen Lynch, was quoted as stating, # 8220 ; If we have a benefit for partners and you don # 8217 ; Ts have a partner, that doesn # 8217 ; t mean we # 8217 ; ve discriminated # 8230 ; If you # 8217 ; re individual, you # 8217 ; re non being discriminated against, you merely wear # 8217 ; Ts have anybody who # 8217 ; s eligible for that benefit. # 8221 ; ( New York Times, 1989 ) This adult female was being discriminated against because she did non hold the option of get marrieding her spouse. If Ms. Rovira and Ms. Forlini could hold obtained a matrimony that was seen as valid by the jurisprudence, they would hold been able to portion the undermentioned benefit with many married heterosexual twosomes. # 8220 ; By the simple public act of marrying, work forces and adult females achieve a significant bundle of rights and responsibilities which, jointly supply support and predictability to their matrimonial relationship: 1 ) legal acknowledgment of their sexual brotherhood, 2 ) legal enforcement of their common duty to financially back up each other, 3 ) automatic care and detention of the kids of that brotherhood, 4 ) improved ability to follow the kids of others, 5 ) legal enforcement of their common duty to back up their kids, 6 ) legal acknowledgment of their constitutionality and the constitutional holiness and importance of their matrimony, 7 ) insurable involvements in each others lives, 8 ) next-of-kin position in medical exigenc ies, and, 9 ) in the event of decease, the right to one-half of each other # 8217 ; s estate. # 8221 ; ( www.clark.net/pub/quaker # 8220 ; Love and the Law # 8221 ; ) These rights are for all people who love each other. Not merely straight persons. In 1988, three homosexual instructors from New York sued the Board of Education. All three of these instructors had live-in same-sex spouses. They sued on the evidences that because the Board of Education did non give them the same benefits as married heterosexual twosomes, they were being discriminated against on the footing of sexual penchant ( Newsweek 1992 ) . In 1862, Charles Darwin wrote that, # 8220 ; We do non even in the least know the concluding cause of gender. The whole topic is hidden in the darkness. # 8221 ; In more recent old ages, nevertheless, this statement is being chipped off at by multiple surveies, which offer cogent evidence that there is a part on the X-chromosome labeled Xq28, which predisposes work forces to be homosexual. Biologists from the National Institutes of Health led by Dean Hamer did a survey in 1993 and a follow up survey in 1995. These surveies tried to demo what biological influences, if any, there are on sexual penchant. Both of Dean Hamer # 8217 ; s surveies suggest that a adult male may be predisposed to be homosexual due to cistrons he inherited from his female parent. In his first survey, Hamer compared the X-chromosomes of 40 braces of homosexual brothers and found one part, called Xq28, which was more likely to fit than would be expected if the two X-chromosomes from the female parent had been indiscriminately assorted. In 82 per centum of the braces, the brothers # 8217 ; cistron in inquiry matched. In their 2nd survey, which was used to corroborate the first, 67 per centum matched. In the 2nd survey, heterosexual brothers of homosexuals were besides included in the survey ( The Economist, 1995 ) . George Ebers, who is oppugning and look intoing some of Hamer # 8217 ; s research, says that he besides thinks that homosexualism is familial, but does non believe that the work should be merely focused on the X-chromosome. Ebers has looked into it himself and sees no linkage between the female parent and the boy. He besides did a survey of 40 homosexual brothers and found no linkage on the X-chromosome. Hamer says that this is because Ebers did non take topics from households, which would let for the maternal flow of heritage ( Science, 1995 ) . Two scientists named Odenwald and Zhang claimed to hold made male fruit flies gay by increasing the flies # 8217 ; degree of 5-hydroxytryptamine. Though this cistron besides exists in worlds, no linkage has yet been made to demo that serotonin affects the sexual orientation of worlds. In 1991 surveies showed that indistinguishable twins had a greater opportunity of holding the same sexual penchant than other braces of siblings. Besides in 1991, a Californian scientist showed that there was a little difference in the physical facets of the encephalon between homosexual and consecutive work forces ( Time, 1995 ) . Two others, Bailey and Pillard besides did a survey. This is the lone survey on the genetic sciences of homosexualism, which takes acceptance into history. This survey shows to a Fuller extent the consequence of environment on one # 8217 ; s sexual orientation. The survey besides provided a deeper expression at the familial facet. Bailey and Pillard recorded the sexual penchant of indistinguishable twins, fraternal twins, non-twin brothers, every bit good as adopted siblings that had no blood relation. More than half of the indistinguishable twins # 8217 ; orientation concurred ; while merely 22 per centum of fraternal twins had the same penchant. This shows t hat though cistrons seemingly play a portion, cistrons are non the lone commanding factor. About half of the indistinguishable twin brothers had a differing sexual orientation though they shared the same cistrons. The survey besides presented grounds that 11 per centum of the adopted brothers were homosexual like their siblings. In society on a whole, merely two to five per centum of the population claim homosexualism. Since the adoptive brothers did non portion the genetic sciences of their siblings, the consequence of the environment plays a big function ( The Hastings Center Report, 1997 ) . There are three possible functions that cistrons might play in sexual orientation # 8211 ; the indirect theoretical account, the direct theoretical account, and the permissive consequence theoretical account # 8211 ; in the indirect theoretical account, the cistron causes homosexualism in some environments, heterosexualism in others, and, in some cases, has no consequence at all. In the direct theoretical account, the cistron dictates wholly the sexual orientation of those who have it. In the permissive consequence theoretical account, the cistron will predispose person toward homosexualism, but it requires sexual orientation to be enforced by the environment ( The Hastings Center Report, 1997 ) . If it were well proven that there is a cheery cistron, it would be really unsafe to the spiritual right. # 8220 ; The right won # 8217 ; t like it because the work will propose that homosexualism is at least partially natural. # 8221 ; ( The New Republic, 1995 ) This is because of how stigmatized homosexualism has become. If homosexualism were as natural and impossible to alter as hair colour or race, it will go a batch harder to know apart against homophiles and deny them the benefits, which straight persons can have. If the innate sexual penchant of any given individual can non be changed, the United States authorities can no longer maintain homophiles from the rights, which they deserve ( World Press Review, 1993 ) . Though it may look good to the battle for homosexual rights, if a # 8220 ; gay cistron # 8221 ; is of all time pinpointed, there could be desperate effects. In recent old ages, many Catholic churches have had # 8220 ; intervention # 8221 ; plans where priests a ttempted to # 8220 ; remedy # 8221 ; a individual of homosexualism. Often these plans are forced upon cheery persons, though some chose to partake in order to get away from society # 8217 ; s favoritism and homophobia. Other # 8220 ; transition therapies # 8221 ; have involved some really rough interventions such as hormonal therapies, electroconvulsive therapy intervention, venereal mutilation, and encephalon surgery. Over half a century ago, in Nazi Germany, Hitler attempted to do the # 8220 ; maestro race # 8221 ; . One of the groups of people he attempted to snuff out was homophiles. He believed that homosexualism was familial and that by snuff outing the homophiles, no new coevals could of all time be born ( The Hastings Center Report, 1997 ) . Many homosexuals besides fear that people will see homosexualism as a # 8220 ; desert # 8221 ; and try to repair it. Martin Duberman, caput of the centre of Lesbian and Gay surveies at the City University of New York provinces, # 8220 ; Any determination will be used and twisted for homophobic intents. If it does turn out that for some people, there is a familial or hormonal constituent, the call will originate to take attention of that. # 8221 ; In fact, members of the traditional values alliance in Anaheim, California have already made clear that if a familial cause of homosexualism is proven, stairss will be taken to # 8220 ; rectify that familial defect # 8221 ; ( Time, 1995 ) . One of the biggest frights among homosexuals is that pregnant adult females will be told that her kid is traveling to be gay, and she will take to abort it. They besides fear that employers will get down to know apart based on sexual orientation. As of now, you can non state person # 8217 ; s sexual penchant merely by looking at them or taking a little blood sample. Many fear that this will alter if surveies prove conclusive that there is a specific cistron for homosexualism ( U.S. News A ; World Report, 1995 ) . The 3rd and concluding side of this statement is that a cheery cistron merely does non be. Some scientists accuse Hamer of # 8220 ; stacking the deck # 8221 ; and taking his topics so selectively that he discovered something that is non truly at that place. Hamer and his surveies are under probe by a few different groups for a few different grounds. The federal Office of Research Integrity accuses him of skewing the information of his first survey. ( U.S. News A ; World Report, 1995 ) This research is besides being questioned and investigated publically by George Ebers, a neurogenetics research worker at the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario. Ebers is trying to double Hamer’s findings by carry oning a similar survey. Ebers claims that he has non drawn a similar decision. The ORI probe was triggered by the study of a adult female once a junior member of Hamer’s lab, in which she questioned the methods of Hamer’s research ( Science, 1995 ) . Whether or non homosexualism is familial brings up many issues, one of which is the Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA for short ) . The two chief intents of DOMA are to specify matrimony, and to give the provinces the ability to hold their ain policy on whether of non they recognize same sex matrimony ( Weekly digest of Presidential Documents, 1996 ) . Sec. 1738C. Certain Acts of the Apostless, records, and proceedings and the consequence thereof ‘No State, district or ownership of the United States, or Indian folk, shall be required to give consequence to any public act, or judicial preceding of any other State, district, ownership, or tribe esteeming a relation ship between individuals of the same sex that is treated as a matrimony under the Torahs of such other State, . district, ownership, or folk, or a right or clam originating from such relationship.’ Section 7. Definition of ‘marriage’ and ’spouse’ ‘In finding the significance of any Act of Congress, or of any opinion, ordinance, or reading of the assorted administrative agency and bureaus of the United States, the word ‘marriage’ means merely a legal brotherhood between one adult male and one adult female as hubby and married woman, and the word ’spouse’ refers merely to a individual of the opposite sex who is a hubby or a wife.’ ( DOMA, January 3, 1996 ) Some believe that DOMA is good because it protects the moral rights of people. A representative of the Ethical motives and Public Policy Center worries that if same-sex matrimony is legalized, anyone who disagrees with â€Å"the new regime† will be forc ed into a conflict with the American legal system. Those who praise DOMA believe that it keeps kids from turning up and believing that being homosexual is okay. They believe that homosexual people are blasphemous, and to let them to get married would excuse this behaviour ( Christianity Today, 1997 ) . In Article Four, Section One of the Constitution the Full Faith and Credit Clause provinces: Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the mode in which such Acts, Records, and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof. What this means is that if a individual or group of people, have a record in one province, it is valid in all provinces. If they receive a licence of any sort in one province, it is upheld in the others as good. It besides states that Congress has the right to specify the â€Å"effect† in which one state’s Torahs ac t upon another province. This is non meant to give Congress the right to take away the state’s right to take, like it does in DOMA. The province has to show grounds why it will non accept another provinces Torahs. DOMA takes away that right. The normal regulation for interstate matrimony is to continue the matrimony every bit long as it is valid where it was originally celebrated. The Full Faith and Credit Clause keeps provinces from selectively know aparting based on how â€Å"desirable or obnoxious† the other provinces policy is. â€Å"Thus a province could non use an apparently non-content-based matrimony equivocation statute merely to same-sex marriages.† ( Yale Law Journal, 1997 ) . Section One of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution provinces: ‘†¦No province shall do or implement any jurisprudence which shall foreshorten the privileges or unsusceptibilities of citizens of the United States ; nor shall any State deprive any individual of life, autonomy, or belongings, without due procedure of the jurisprudence ; nor deny to any individual within its legal power the equal protection of the laws.’ This means that a province authorities can non do a jurisprudence, which denies person his or her rights. It is a homosexuals’ right to liberty and the chase of felicity, which is being denied by DOMA and by all 50 provinces, which do non let same sex matrimony. Every citizen of the United States has equal protection under the Torahs. This means that merely based on sexual penchant, we can non know apart against cheery people because they therefore are non protected every bit under the Torahs. I believe that there is so a â€Å"gay gene† and that it is indirect. Homosexuality is something that is greatly influenced by environment and society. I believe that if person is genetically predisposed towards homosexualism, but their societal state of affairs does non convey it out, they will move as a heterosex ual, but neer love to the fullest extent a member of the opposite sex. I believe that a male who grows up as a Catholic in the Bible belt with the homosexual cistron will be more likely to get married a female and neer recognize that he has a different naming. Meanwhile, a adult male turning up in New York City with the homosexual cistron, will recognize about from twenty-four hours one, and turn up content. Because homosexualism stems more from psychological factors than physical factors, environment and society play a big function in finding one’s sexual penchant. I think that some people are predisposed to homosexualism, but that entirely does non see that those people will be homosexual. The ground we know that sexual orientation is non determined strictly from environmental and social influence is that when we study groups of people from the same town, even the same household, we note that non all of these people have the same sexual orientation, though indistinguishable twins portion their penchant the bulk of the clip. I think that it is a positive measure for the homosexual rights motion that there are more and more surveies which show that homosexualism is familial in some manner, form, or signifier. I don’t believe that people will get down aborting foetuss shown to be predisposed towards homosexualism, for a really simple ground. The bulk of people who think that homosexual people are evil are the utmost spiritual right. This group besides vehemently opposes abortion. Those people who merely oppose cheery matrimony, but non cheery people, besides would non acquire an abortion because they are still excessively far right. As for other sorts of favoritism, these things already go on regardless of the fact that it has non been proven that homosexualism is determined by genetic sciences. The Defense of Marriage Act is unconstitutional. There is really small uncertainty in my head of this fact, particularly since I believe that homosexualis m is non a pick. Harmonizing to the Full Faith and Credit clause of the Constitution, all of the provinces must acknowledge a licence valid in one province as valid in theirs. The Defense of Marriage Act negates this, but merely in the instance of same-sex matrimonies. DOMA does non state that all matrimonies are up to the province to value, merely 1s between homophiles. This is discrimination pure and simple. If Congress made a jurisprudence stating that provinces don’t have to continue other state’s matrimonies of two blond people, there would be an tumult. This is precisely what Congress has done, except by manner of homophiles. Hawaii is really close to legalising same sex matrimony ( Critical Speeches, August 1, 1997 ) . For the interest of statement, lets assume that tomorrow Hawaii passes a jurisprudence that makes homosexual matrimony legal. Many homosexual twosomes will wing to Maui and go lawfully married. Once they fly back to New York, nevertheless, their l egal brotherhood is no longer valid. This is because of the Defense of Marriage Act. This has many intensions. For one, Hawaii might get down to overrun with homosexual twosomes that want their matrimony recognized. This puts a load on Hawaii’s authorities, which is non just to them. Hawaii is merely giving pick to a big minority of people. That minority should non be forced to take between matrimony and their withstanding calling. Under our fundamental law, all people must have equal protection under the jurisprudence. Homosexuals are discriminated against because of their sexual penchant, which is something they can non alter. A small over 30 old ages ago, interracial matrimony was illegal. This was overturned in the Supreme Court instance â€Å"Loving v. Virginia† which declared it unconstitutional on the evidences that this violated the Equal Protection clause in the Fourteenth Amendment. Making cheery matrimony legal is the following measure. It is non the United States authorities # 8217 ; s prerogative to state people whom they can and can non get married. They did non larn from the instance of # 8220 ; Loving v. Virginia # 8221 ; and go on to curtail us in matrimony, though no it is no longer about skin colour, but gender. This is unconstitutional and must be stopped. In decision, we must legalise cheery matrimony for all of the grounds stated above. The fundamental law protects all people, non merely those who are attracted to the opposite sex. Homosexuals are predisposed to their orientation, and merit the same rights as everyone else. Marriage is a right, non a privilege, and everyone deserves that right. There are legal every bit good as sentimental benefits to marriage. Any two people who are in love with one another and are ready to bond themselves lawfully every bit good as emotionally have the right to acquire married whether they are cheery or consecut ive. The Defense of Marriage Act is unconstitutional and is the incarnation of the homophobia of the United States Government. The Full Faith and Credit clause of the fundamental law is straight violated by this piece of statute law. DOMA does non every bit protect the United States citizens, and does nil but discriminate against a specific group of people. This is unjust and unconstitutional. There is a # 8220 ; gay cistron # 8221 ; and homophiles are merely moving in the manner that their familial codification promotes. Homosexuals are people, excessively. If one cistron in everyone # 8217 ; s DNA had been somewhat different, everyone could be homosexual. # 8220 ; There are merely two ways to set up a policy of equality: Give rights to all, or do non give rights to anybody. # 8221 ; This quandary, defined by Gallic author Alexis de Tocqueville, must be resolved. Mentions 1. The Economist, Nov. 4, 1995 2. Gallagher, John. 1997 # 8220 ; Marriage compromised # 8221 ; The Advocate, 71 ( May ) 3. Hafen, Larry C. 1997 # 8220 ; Bridle your passions: how modern jurisprudence can protect the family. # 8221 ; Vital Speeches, 20 ( August ) : 633-636 4. Holmes, Bob. 1994 # 8220 ; Gay cistron trial # 8216 ; inaccurate and immoral # 8217 ; # 8221 ; New Scientist, 141 ( March ) : 9 5. Irvine, Reed, and Joe Goulden. 1993 # 8220 ; Gays give incorrect spin on genetics. # 8221 ; Insight on the News 35 ( August ) : 31-33 6. Kramer, Larry.1997 # 8220 ; Same-sex matrimony, struggle of Torahs, and the unconstitutional public policy exclusion # 8221 ; Yale Law Journal 106 ( May ) : 1965-2008 7. Lawton, Kim A. 1997 # 8243 ; State Lawmakers Scramble to Ban Same-Sex Marriages # 8221 ; Christianity Today 2 ( Feb ) 84-86 8. Love and the Law. # 8220 ; Contrasting Legal Situations: Marriages A ; Committed, Loving, Same Sex Relationships # 8221 ; URL: ( July 14, 1998 ) 9. Marshall, Elliot. 1995. # 8220 ; NIH # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; gay cistron # 8221 ; study questioned. # 8221 ; Science 268 ( June ) :1841- 1842 10. Miller, Neil.1989. In Search of Gay America. New York: The Atlantic Monthly Press. 11. McConnell, John.1997: # 8221 ; A new matrimony mantra, # 8221 ; The Advocate, 759 ( May ) : 11 12. Mohr, Richard D. 1988. Gays/Justice: A Study of Ethics, Society, and Law. New York: Columbia University Press 13. Murphy, Timothy F. 1997. Gay Science. New York: Columbia University Press 14. Newsweek, March 3, 1992 15. The New York Times, September 21, 1989 16. Park, Alice. 1995 # 8220 ; New grounds of a # 8220 ; gay cistron # 8221 ; . # 8221 ; Time, 20 ( Nov ) :95 17. Radford, Tim. 1993: # 8221 ; Straight talk on the cheery cistron: will eugenics come out of the cupboard? # 8221 ; World Press Review, 9 ( September ) :23-25 18. Schuklenk, Udo, Edward Stein, Jacinta Kerin, and William Byne. 1997. # 8220 ; The moralss of familial research on sexual orientation. # 8221 ; The Hastings Center Report, 27 ( January ) :6-13 19. Thompson, Larry.1995. # 8220 ; Search for a homosexual gene. # 8221 ; Time 24 ( June ) :60-61 20. US Congress, Defense of Marriage Act. 104th Congress, 2nd session, January 3, 1996 21. Watson, Traci, and Joseph P. Shapiro. 1995. # 8220 ; Is there a # 8216 ; gay cistron # 8217 ; ? # 8221 ; U.S. News A ; World Report, 119 ( November ) :93-96 22. Weiner, Jonathan. 1995 # 8220 ; The Science of Desire: The Search for the Gay Gene and the Biology of Behavior. # 8221 ;

A Contrast Of A Valediction Forbidding Mourning Essay Example For Students

A Contrast Of A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning Essay A Contrast Of A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning, And To His CoyThe stereotype of poetry is that poems are written to exemplify a relationship between two people who are so infatuated with each other it is said that they are in love and this can give meaning to what is commonly referred to as a love poem. Poets John Donne and Andrew Marvell write such poetry however, their poems A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning, and To His Coy Mistress, consider two different concepts. Although they are addressing love, they are dealing with different aspects of it. The two poems can be contrasted in form, poetic devices such as symbols, tone, rhyme, and the rhythmical pattern. Symbols and tone can often encourage the reader to look for underlying mental representations that will connect them to the text to put different elements like the mood of the writer or hidden motives into perspective. The form and rhyme scheme can be applied to the person the poem is addressing, and when analyzed further, it can determine unconscious feelings and meanings that may be expressed by the writer. When using a certain rhythmical pattern, the writer can point out exactly how he feels about his subject. Donnes poem is in stanzaic form and the rhyming scheme is ABAB, CDCD, etc. In lines one through four, As virtuous men pass mildly away, / The breath goes now, and some say, no, the rhyming words: away, go, say, and no because of the repetition of sounds can already make the reader feel bored. The words themselves can also reflect a negative feeling of being unwanted. These bland, organized sentences and the rhyme patterns show the speakers unattached attitude, and take away from the excitement of the subject of love. Marvells poem uses continuous rhyming couplets to illustrate loves unconventional and irrational aspects, as love usually is. They take two separate lines and make a matching pair out of them.Often he uses words that can symbolize togetherness like all and ball as he writes:Let us roll all our strength and allOur sweetness up into one ballAnd tear our pleasures with rough strife,Thorough the iron gates of life. (41-44)This rhyme scheme can make a relation to two people, a couple, joining together. Donne uses symbols pertaining to natural phenomena like air and water, and the use of the circle is a prevalent shape throughout the poem. The circle symbolizes their souls. The mans and the womans lives together are represented in a never-ending cycle. When they leave each other, all they have done is changed that circle. Movement in a circle is continuous which is expressed when he writes Thy firmness makes my circle just, And makes me end, where I begun (35-36). If two people truly belong together, the union of their souls is still together, just as the circle always remains connected. The natural phenomena used such as Tear floods and sigh-tempests (6), suggest air and water. These examples present the use of a hyperbole that Donne uses to tell his lover not to show any emotion when he leaves. A tearing flood would be one where there are uncontrollable, gushing tears falling from her eyes, and the sighing tempests would present a lot of drawn out complaining. The speaker denotes that like natural phenomena occurring, it is natural for two bodies to be apart and should not occur with a lot of commotion. Marvell uses geological and astronomical images like the water, desert, ashes, and solar powers. An example of this would be when he states: I would love you ten years before the floodconversion of the Jews (8-10). The referral to the flood of the Ganges River as well as the converting of the Jewish people to the Christian religion mean that it could be centuries of waiting if they waited because of religious reasons. The phrase Deserts of vast eternity (24) give emphasis to his mistress drying up much like a desert if she is hesitant much longer. He uses into ashes all my lust (30), to show that much like her desert, his lust will dry up and turn to ashes. Geological and astronomical images are to make the assumption that nature is spontaneous, and humans should be as well. In To His Coy Mistress Marvell uses physical image, to aid the speakers argument to convince his mistress to yield to him. He is writing this poem to seduce his coy mistress to have sex with him. When he tells he r Now let us sport us while me may (37), the speaker is telling his mistress that they should do as they please. When he writes and now, like amorous birds of prey, rather at once our time devour than languish in his slow-chapped power (38-40), he means we should act now before it is too late. This brings to light the element of carpe diem, or seize the day that seems to be Marvells whole message in this poem. .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf , .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf .postImageUrl , .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf , .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf:hover , .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf:visited , .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf:active { border:0!important; } .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf:active , .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u01226ac26a0d604868fcc2d8dbe96fcf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Modern Education: Changing for the Future Essay ThesisIt is an argument to convince her to give up her virginity while she is still young and beautiful. Marvell writes specifically to the object of his desire. This one-on-one context suggests to the reader that he is writing directly to her in hopes of convincing her to his whim. To enforce his argument Marvell uses a pleading tone. The tone in Donnes poem seems to be rather depressing, such as one would use when separating. The poem also is not addressing its subject, the woman, directly. The concept of indirectness points to the authors lack of emotion. He is remaining emotionless and indifferent to avoid any confrontati on from her. He wants their separation to be as quick and as painless as possible. Since these two poems deal with completely different aspects of love, they must have been written differently. Their different forms can be analyzed to get the individual interpretation of meaning to be gathered from each. They both come across differently to the reader. One poem is about sexual love and the other poem is about the end of love. This just shows that not all love poems are about falling in love. When a person hears the phrase: love poem, he naturally thinks that it will be about a love smitten male or female. These two poems just prove that there are many aspects of love that are not necessarily about falling in love. Love poems can also be about separating from our loved one or even about giving in to lust and temptation. From this the reader learns that there are more definitions to a love poem than originally thought.